Contents and abstracts

Viktor I. Danilyan. The Structure of Value and the Structure of Economy in the Age of Globalization (pp. 3–20). Original text and References

The value of any product is viewed as the sum of two constituents: natural and informational. Based on their ratio, the variety of all types of products is subdivided into aggregates; GDP specification by such aggregates characterizes the structure of economy. The proposed approach manifests the general tendency of economic development: the increasing share of information-intensive production. However, the trend is caused by both the positive influence of technological and scientific progress, and hypertrophied development of excessive production in the consumer society. The trend facilitates economic instability, which is proposed to be harnessed using methods similar to Pigovian regulation of externalities.

Keywords: value, technological graph, structure of economy, service sector, financial sector, entertainment sector, regulation, externality, internalization.

Ilya V. Ilyin, Olga G. Leonova. The Tendencies of Development of Globalization Political Processes (pp. 21–35). Original text and References

The article analyzes and summarizes the results of the discussions of prominent scientists for the study of globalization, which took place in the framework of the International Congresses for Global Studies, conducted by the Faculty of Global Processes, and also reflected in numerous publications. The authors clarify the definition and characterization of global political processes. They forecast the trends that will determine the development of global political processes in the 21st century.

Keywords: globalization, political globalization, globalization political processes, the trends of development of globalization political processes, global political system. .

Irina V. Ivakhnyuk. The Development of Migration Theory in Terms of Globalization (pp. 36–51). Original text and References

The paper deals with conceptualization of migration in the last third of the 20^th century and the beginning of the 21st century against the background of the modern globalization. Globalization has inspired huge waves of migration and has radically changed the structure of migration flows. At the same time, contemporary Global Studies have developed new concepts, which have been incorporated in migration theory resulting in particular focus on migration interdependence of the countries of the world. The author gives special attention to the existing migration governance approaches that are mainly aimed at restrictions on inflow of migrants. Therefore, they contradict openness as the primary paradigm of globalization.

Keywords: international migration, globalization, migration theory, migration interdependence, migration governance.

Tomasz Kamusella. What do We Learn When Learning the World? (pp. 52–65). Original text and References

The paper reflects on the “material thinness” of the framework of the human social reality in comparison to the enormousness of the observable universe. The author distinguishes between the biosphere as a space on Earth's surface where DNA-based life thrives, on the one hand, and the social reality (semiosphere), on the other; the latter is generated solely by humans and their social use of language. On this basis the author supposes that while most natural sciences deal with the entire material reality, the purview of the social sciences and the humanities is limited to the human semiosphere only. A conscious realization of the fact appears to put a lot of human pursuits in a better perspective.

Keywords: biosphere, Earth, entropy, humanities, material reality, natural sciences, research, semiosphere, social reality, social sciences.

Valery V. Snakin. The Dynamics of Biodiversity, Continental Drift and Globalization (pp. 66–74). Original text and References

As the cause of the mass (global) extinctions in the history of the Earth's bio-sphere the paper considers geodynamics – the movement of continents, resulting in the lithospheric plates’ movement across the surface of the Earth which periodically unite and form supercontinents and even a single continent (at different times Monogaea, Metagaea, Mezogaea, Pangeaea). At the same time the geographical barriers are eliminated, climate changes, the number of ecological niches is reduced, which leads to a sharp decline in species diversity (mass extinctions) confirmed by paleontological data. The subsequent divergences of continental plates, geographic isolation led to a new cycle of evolution and increase in diversity at a new level. Contemporary processes of globalization also lead to a decrease in the role of geographic isolation and thus to a reduction of biodiversity, possibly before the beginning of a new cycle of evolution during expanding the biosphere beyond the Earth.

Keywords: biodiversity, geodynamics, continental drift, globalization, climate change, mass extinctions of species, geographical barriers, evolution of the bio-sphere.

Ivan A. Aleshkovski, Vladimir A. Iontsev. Regulating International Migration Processes in Terms of Globalization (pp. 75–87). Original text and References

The article provides the history of legal framework of regulating migration processes on the global level. The author analyzes the dual nature of migration policy on the regional, national and global levels, which occurs when interests of different parties involved in international relations do not coincide. Recommendations are given on ways to improve the regulation of migration processes.

Keywords: globalization, governance, international migration of population, forecast, migration policy, duality of the migration policy.

Marina A. Shulga. Europeanization: Some Peculiarities of One Concept (pp. 88–95). Original text and References

The content of the concept of Europeanization is disclosed. The conclusion is drawn that this concept is relevant in the research of Europeanization in the context of the periphery of the European Union. It is more appropriate to carry out the research of Europeanization in the EU context in the framework of the concept of European integration. The importance of the concept of Europeanization for understanding the content of the European neighborhood policy and also the difference of the perception of this concept by the European Union and its periphery are shown in this article.

Keywords: European Union, the concept of Europeanization, the periphery of the EU, the European neighborhood policy.

Alexander B. Veber. Passions about Climate. Who and Why is against the Fight against Global Warming? (pp. 96–105). Original text and References

Since the late 20^th century, the debate on climate change and its consequences for humanity has moved to the political plane as a confrontation between “alarmists” and “skeptics”, supporters and opponents of fighting global warming. The resistance of the latter has impeded negotiations on a comprehensive and binding international climate agreement that would replace the Kyoto Protocol which no longer meets the scale of the problem. The situation is becoming increasingly worrying, as the Fifth Assessment Report by the Intergovernmental Panel on climate change has reminded. Who and why is opposed to the assessments and recommendations of the IPCC? This issue is still relevant in connection with a new UN Climate Conference scheduled for 2015.

Keywords: climate change, global warming, natural and anthropogenic factors, climate agreement, sustainable development.

Olga A. Mazur. Near East: On the Edge of Contradictions (pp. 106–113). Original text and References

The rise of Islamic State in Syria and Iraq has deteriorated the situation in the Middle East. Special changes have happened to the Kurdish minority which found itself at the edge of war with the terrorists. The main questions such as official status of Kirkuk, de jure independence of the Iraqi Kurdistan, factionalism of the Kurdish movement, determined attempts of the Syrian Kurds to form autonomy – have got new impulse. The future of the Kurdish region will depend on the ability of the Kurdish leaders to use the current situation.

Keywords: The Islamic State, Masoud Barzani, Kobani, Turkey, autonomy, Saleh Muslim.

Dmitry Yu. Rudenko, Kristina Yu. Zinkovskaya. The Processes of Convergence in Global Economy (pp. 114–124). Original text and References

The article analyzes the processes of convergence in the world economy between 1995 and 2011. The hypothesis of σ-convergence as well as β-convergence (absolute and conditional) is tested. The dependent variable used in the study is GDP per capita in constant 2005 prices. The evidence shows that: (a) there is a convergence in the global economy; (b) globalization contributes to higher growth rates of developing countries. It is concluded that it is necessary to study the processes of convergence between the groups of countries against the background of growing inequality within countries.

Keywords: globalization, developing countries, convergence.

Eduard V. Girusov. Social and Environmental Education (pp. 125–129). Original text and References

The article shows a particular necessity of social and ecological education and training, as their ecophilic attitudes are not formed spontaneously often due to their radical differences from the previous ones which had a purely consumptive character. Under the new circumstances it is necessary to study the biosphere conservation laws. Only in this case the environmental crisis will not turn into a catastrophe with a complete destruction of the biosphere. The definition and description of these laws are also given.

Keywords: laws of biosphere preservation, biosphere compatibility, social ecology, ecophilism, ecophobia, Homo ecologus, environmental era.

Vladimir V. Krasnov. The Premises of Creating of Integral Society (pp. 130–141). Original text and References

The problem of needs satisfaction of human community is indicated. The possibility of successful existence of the community based on a rational association is analyzed. The selfish human nature as an obstacle on the way to global wellbeing is considered. The changing of human needs from material into social and spiritual is described. It is suggested that individual spiritual aim of development could be inside the united community. The concept of integral community is introduced as high-differentiated and high-integrated social system, in which the integration is used for achieving the one common aim of society and differentiation provides the maximum conscious individual participation of every member of society in it.

Keywords: needs, community, wellbeing, integrality, altruism.

Yury D. Granin. Globalization: Erosion of National Identity (pp. 142–153). Original text and References

The paper analyzes the threats to national identity of population of many countries of the world in terms of modern globalization. The latter are inspired by not only a number of modern intellectual tendencies but also by objective formation of mass multicultural environment of existence, the expansion of which is caused by the neo-liberal institutions of the global economy and spread of information technologies which connected the humanity by anonymous power systems. The author believes that a robust public policy, which combines tradition and modernity in the aspect of preserving the national identity, can withstand the symbolic violence of mass culture of the “global consumer”.

Keywords: globalization, identity, modernization, modernism, postmodernism, symbolic violence.

Wali Teymouri, Bahareh Biglari. Tourism as an Appropriate Model to Educate World Citizenship (pp. 154–165). Original text and References

The aim of this article is to briefly study the characteristics of globalized world and world citizenship emphasizing the exceptional role and significance of tourist industry as an appropriate tool and opportunity for the study of necessary skills and its practical application for the citizens of the world.

Keywords: globalizing world, tourism, education, world citizenship.